Multimedia Gallery

This is a side-on view of methoxy-XO4-labeled plaques in a volume of brain immediately under the imaging window in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. The field of view is about 600x600 microns, and 250 microns deep. Multiphoton microscopy allows high-resolution imaging of fluorescence deep within the living brain. Massachusetts General Hospital

To provide the surface boundary conditions for computer simulations of macro-micro mixing motions of the small intestine, we carry out dynamic imaging of gut motility using magnetic resonance imaging of the rat small intestines. Shown is a three-dimensional reconstruction of stacked multi-slice static images of the rat stomach, a rather long duodenum and a tangled jejunum and ileum. From these reconstructions we select sites for time-resolved single-slice imaging to obtain boundary conditions for the modeling. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group’s (IMAG) Multiscale Modeling Initiative. This initiative is administered by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), a part of the National Institutes of Health. Pennsylvania State University

Animation of a computational model of a cadaver knee exercised in a dynamic knee loading machine. The knee loading machine is simulating the motion and forces of a walk cycle. Knee geometries are from MR images of the cadaver knee. The same forces that are applied to the cadaver knee by the machine are inputs to the computational model. The resulting knee motions, both experimental and computational, are compared. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group’s (IMAG) Multiscale Modeling Initiative. This initiative is administered by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), a part of the National Institutes of Health. University of Missouri - Kansas City

Simulation of platelet aggregation in the presence of red blood cells. The red cells are modeled as large rigid spheres, shown in white. The activated platelets are shown in red, the triggered platelets are shown in green, and the passive platelets are shown in blue. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group’s (IMAG) Multiscale Modeling Initiative. This initiative is administered by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), a part of the National Institutes of Health. Brown University

Shown is a computer simulation of platelet aggregation in a 50-micron vessel with flow velocity of 100 microns/s. Red blood cells are treated as continuum. Platelets are allowed to adhere anywhere on the vessels walls and to each other. Three activated platelets are placed on the wall to initiate the process. The activated platelets are shown in red, the triggered platelets are shown in green, and the passive platelets are shown in blue. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group’s (IMAG) Multiscale Modeling Initiative. This initiative is administered by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), a part of the National Institutes of Health. Brown University

Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulation of red blood cell tank-treading motion in shear flow. A two-dimensional network of interacting DPD particles is embedded in a three-dimensional closed surface to represent the membrane. The deformation characteristics of the RBC membrane are obtained by incorporating the effects of spontaneous curvature of the lipid bilayers material, structural relaxation of the in-plane shear energy, and geometrical constraints of fixed surface area and fixed enclosed volume. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, as part of the Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group’s (IMAG) Multiscale Modeling Initiative. This initiative is administered by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), a part of the National Institutes of Health. Brown University

This video depicts a person who is recovering from a stroke performing tasks on a computer with the help of a three-dimensional, highly-compliant robotic aid. The system uses the latest neuro-rehabilitation computer software and engineering developments to provide upper limb therapy to the woman. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine

In this image, a patient is receiving a noninvasive treatment to accelerate the healing of a deep wound resulting from the removal of cancerous tissue. Two weeks prior to surgery, bone marrow was aspirated from the patient's hip and cultured to promote the growth of special (mesenchymal) stem cells. Post surgery, the cultured stem cells were mixed with fibrinogen and placed in a double-barreled syringe already containing thrombin. As the preparations simultaneously exit the two chambers, they mix and form a gel-like substance (fibrin) that can be administered topically to cover the wound bed. This spongy layer serves as a microenvironment to enhance the attachment and proliferation of the epithelial cells found at the edge of the wound. Since the cells came from the patient's own bone marrow, there were no immunological concerns. Boston University Roger Williams Medical Center

NIBIB is developing a mechanical clot extraction system for stroke victims and those at risk. The device, made with a "shape memory polymer," is inserted in a vessel as a straight thin wire advancing through an obstruction. When heated inside the body with a laser illuminator, it reshapes into a coil and latches onto the clot, both of which are then removed, thereby restoring blood flow. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California

Three spatial dimensions show the cardiac anatomy. The 4th dimension is time as the heart is shown beating throughout successive cardiac cycles. The 5th dimension is the mapping of the electrical activation pattern that causes contraction of the left ventricular chamber. All of these signals are registered in exact synchrony to provide 5-D image. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This is a 3-D model of the left atrium segmented from a dynamic volume CT scan. Electrophysiology coordinates have been collected within the atrium and registered to the internal surface. These are then displayed as an activation map of the cardiac contraction cycle across the surface of the left atrium. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This movie shows segmented, labeled and colored anatomy of microscopic structures in the auditory canal produced from micro-CT images of the temporal bone. Exploration of the middle ear is shown with all of the constituent anatomy colored and labeled. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This animation shows the differences in cortical atrophy between a subject with end stage Alzheimer's and an age-matched control. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles

This movie shows a left atrium segmented from a CT scan, showing connecting pulmonary vessels and the registration of electrophysiology coordinate points obtained from the surface of the atrium during a cardiac ablation procedure. The registration of these points provides dynamic activation maps of electrophysiology activity in strict synchrony with cardiac chamber anatomy movement throughout complete cardiac cycles. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This movie shows the raw image data collected from a high resolution 3T MRI scan of the head with zoom-in viewing of the middle ear, showing the semicircular canals and cochlea and other internal head structures. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This two-photon fluorescence image sequence shows the formation of a localized photothrombotic clot in a surface arteriole. The fluctuating, streaked appearance of the vessels is due to the motion of red blood cells and indicates flow. A saturated white strip at the top of the frame indicates irradiation with 523-nm light. Clot material is formed just downstream from the irradiated region. University of California, San Diego

This movie shows a 3-D CT volume scan of the colon rendered into a virtual colonoscopy fly-through to visualize internal colonic structures, such as polyps. Further processing of this data reveals the microvasculature within the colon lumen and any polyps present during the virtual endoscopic fly-through. Microvessel density is a prediction of metastatic potential. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Body volume CT scans can be processed to reveal the internal bone structures from head to foot. This movie shows the skeleton of a subject scanned with such a procedure. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

This movie shows the luminal surface of the branching bronchi, which can be visualized down to several orders of branching. The surfaces of the airways can be rendered translucent to see through them for examination of adjacent tissues external to the pulmonary airways. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine

Rapid volume CT scans of the chest can be processed to produce endoscopic fly-throughs through the chest into the heart cavities. The viewpoint moves from outside of the chest moving into a pulmonary vessel and proceeding into the left atrial chamber and back out again. c. 2006 Mayo Clinic College of Medicine