Dr. Chen received his B.S. in 1993 and M.S. in 1996 from Nanjing University, China. He then moved to the states and obtained his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Idaho in 1999 under the supervision of Professor Chien M. Wai. After two quick postdoctoral programs at Syracuse University (under the mentorship of Dr. Jon Zubieta) and Washington University in St. Louis (supervised by Professor Michael J. Welch), Dr. Chen joined the University of Southern California as an Assistant Professor of Radiology. He then moved to Stanford University in 2004 to help build the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) under the directorship of Professor Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2008. In the summer of 2009, he joined the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as a tenured Senior Investigator. Dr. Chen also holds a joint appointment with the NIH Clinical Center.

2012

Bu L, Xie J, Chen K, Huang J, Aguilar ZP, Wang A, Sun KW, Chua M-S, SO M, Cheng Z, Shen B, Chen X
Assessment and comparison of magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents in a rodent model of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Contrast Media Mol Imaging, in press.

Chen K, Sun X, Niu G, Ma Y, Yap L-P, Hui X, Wu K, Fan D, Chen X
Evaluation of ⁶⁴Cu labeled GX1: A phage display peptide probe for PET imaging of tumor vasculature
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print]

Chen K, Yap L-P, Park R, Hui X, Wu K, Fan D, Chen X, Conti PS
A Cy5.5-labeled phage-displayed peptide probe for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature in living mice
Amino Acids, 2011 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print].

Chin FT, Shen B, Liu S, Berganos RA, Chang E, Mittra E, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Initial Experience with Clinical-grade [¹⁸F]FPPRGD2: An Automated Multi-step Radiosynthesis for Human PET Studies
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print].

Choi KY, Liu G, Lee S, Chen X
Theranostic nanoplatforms for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy: current approaches and future perspectives
Nanoscale, 2011 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]

Gao H, Lang L, Guo N, Cao F, Quan Q, Kiesewetter DO, Niu G, Chen X
PET Imaging of angiogenesis after myocardial infarction/reperfusion using a one-step labeled integrin targeted tracer ¹⁸F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, in press.

Huang X, Swierczewska M, Choi KY, Zhu L, Bhirde A, Park J, Kim K, Xie J, Niu G, Lee S, Chen X
Multiplex imaging of intracellular proteolytic cascade using a broad spectrum nano-quencher
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, in press.

Jackson AB, Nanda PK, Rold TL, Sieckman GL, Szczodroski AF, Hoffman TJ, Chen X, Smith CJ
⁶⁴Cu-NO2A-RGD-Glu-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH₂: A multimeric targeting vector for positron-emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer Nucl Med Biol, in press

Jacobson O, Weiss ID, Szajek LP, Niu G, Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Peled A, Eden HS, Farber JM, Chen X
Improvement of CXCR4 tracer specificity for PET imaging
J Control Release, 2011 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print].

Jang ES, Shin JH, Park KS, Ren G, Park MJ, Chen X, Wu JC, Sunwoo JB, Cheng Z
Magnetic nanoparticles induced cell control to target tumor site
J Am Chem Soc, in press

Kiesewetter DO, Gao H, Ma Y, Niu G, Chen X
Fluorine-18 radiolabeled analogs of exendin-4 for PET imaging of GLP-1 in insulinoma
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Lang L, Li W, Guo N, Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Niu G, Chen X
Comparison study of [¹⁸F]FAl-NOTA-PRGD2, [¹⁸F]FPPRDG2 and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 for PET imaging of U87MG tumors in mice
Bioconjug Chem, 2011 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print].

Li W, Niu G, Lang L, Guo N, Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Backer JM, Shen B, Chen X
PET imaging of EGF receptors using [¹⁸F]FBEM-EGF in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Liu G, Choi K-Y, Bhirde A, Swierczewska M, Yin J, Lee SW, Park JH, Hong JI, Niu G, Lee S, Chen X
Sticky nanoparticles: a new platform for siRNA delivery by bis(Zinc(II)-dipicolyamine)-functionalized, self-assembled nanoconjugate
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2011 Nov 23. doi: 10.1002/anie.201105565. [Epub ahead of print]. (Back Cover)

Martiniova L, Cleary S, Lai EW, Kiesewetter DO, Seidel J, Dawson L, Philips J, Thomasson D, Chen X, Eisenhofer G, Powers J, Kvetnansky R, Pacak K
Usefulness of [¹⁸F]-DA and [¹⁸F]-DOPA for PET imaging in a mouse model of pheochromocytoma
Nucl Med Biol, 2011 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print].

Swierczewska M, Liu G, Lee S, Chen X
High-sensitivity nanosensors for biomarker detection
Chem Soc Rev, in press.

Wang H, Chen X
Visualization of copper metabolism with ⁶⁴CuCl₂ PET
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Wei D, Ren C, Chen X, Zhao H
The chronic protective effects of limb remote preconditioning and the underlying mechanisms involved in inflammatory factors in rat stroke
PLOS One, in press.

Weiss ID, Jacobson O, Szajekc L, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X, Farber JM
Positron emission tomography imaging of tumor CXCR4 expression with ⁶⁴Cu-AMD
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Xing R, Zhang F, Xie J, Aronova M, Zhang G, Guo N, Huang X, Sun X, Liu G, Liang A, Hou Y, Leapman RD, Sun S, Chen X
Polyaspartic acid coated manganese oxide nanoparticles for efficent liver MRI
Nanoscale, 2011;3(12):4943-5.

Zhang F, Niu G, Lin X, Jacobson O, Ma Y, Eden HS, He Y, Lu G, Chen X
Imaging tumor-induced sentinel lymph node lymphangiogenesis with LyP-1 peptide
Amino Acids, 2011 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print]

Zhang X-X, Eden HS, Chen X
Peptides in cancer nanomedicine: drug carriers, targeting ligands and protease substrates
J Control Release, 2011 Oct 26. [Epub ahead of print]

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2011

Ananias HJ, Yu Z, Dierckx RA, van der Wiele C, Helfrich W, Wang F, Yan Y, Chen X, de Jong IJ, Elsinga PH.
^99mTechnetium-HYNIC(tricine/TPPTS)-Aca-Bombesin(7-14) as a targeted imaging agent with microSPECT in a PC-3 prostate cancer xenograft model
Mol Pharm, 2011;8(4):1165-73.

Bhattacharjee AK, Lang L, Jacobson O, Shinkre B, Ma Y, Niu G, Trenkle WC, Jacobson KA, Chen X, Kiesewetter DO
Striatal adenosine A2A receptor mediated PET Imaging in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats using [¹⁸F]-MRS5425
Nucl Med Biol, 2011;38(6):897-906.

Bhirde A, Guo N, Chen X
Targeted nanoprobes reveal early time point kinetics in vivo by time-resolved MRI
Theranostics 2011;1:276-278.

Bhirde AA, Liu G, Jin A, Iglesias-Bartolome R, Sousa AA, Leapman RD, Gutkind JS, Lee S, Chen X
Combinational portable Raman probes – nanotubes for theranostics applications
Theranostics, 2011;1:310-21.

Bhirde A, Xie J, Chen X
Nanoparticles for cell labeling
Nanoscale, 2011;3(1):142-53.

Bu L, Li R, Jin Z, Wen X, Liu S, Yang B, Shen B, Chen X
Evaluation of ^99mTcN-MPO as a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent in normal dogs and acute myocardial infarction canine model: comparison with ^99mTc-Sestamibi
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(1):121-7.

Cao Q, Liu S, Niu G, Yan Y, Liu Z, Chen X
Phage display peptide probes for imaging early response to Bevacizumab treatment
Amino Acids, 2011; 41(5):1103-12.

Chen K, Chen X
Positron emission tomography imaging of cancer biology: current status and future prospects
Semin Oncol, 2011;38(1):70-86.

Chen K, Chen X
Integrin targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics
Theranostics, 2011;1:189-200.

Chen X
Integrin targeted imaging and therapy
Theranostics 2011;1:28-29.

Chen X, Gambhir SS, Cheon J
Theranostic nanomedicine
Acc Chem Res, 2011;44(10):841.

Gao H, Niu G, Yang M, Quan Q, Ma Y, Murage EN, Ahn JM, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X
PET of insulinoma using ¹⁸F-FBEM-EM3106B, a new GLP-1 analogue
Mol Pharm, 2011;8(5):1775-82.

Gao J, Chen K, Miao Z, Ren G, He X, Chen X, Gambhir SS, Cheng Z
Affibody-based nanoprobes for HER2-expressing cell and tumor imaging
Biomaterials, 2011;32(8):2141-8.

Gu D, Ma Y, Niu G, Yan Y, Lang L, Aisaand HA, Gao HK, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X
LC/MS evaluation of metabolism and membrane transport of bombesin peptides
Amino Acids, 2011;40(2):669-75.

Huang X, Lee S, Chen X
Design of “smart” probes for optical imaging of apoptosis
Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011;1:3-17.

Jacobson O, Weiss ID, Niu G, Balboni G, Congiu C, Onnis V, Kiesewetter DO, Lattanzi R, Salvadori S, Chen X
Prokineticin receptors antagonist PC-10 as a biomarker for imaging inflammatory pain
J Nucl Med, 2011;52(4):600-7.

Jacobson O, Weiss ID, Szajek LP, Niu G, Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Farber JM, Chen X
PET imaging of CXCR4 using copper-64 labeled peptide antagonist
Theranostics 2011;1:251-262.

Jacobson O, Zhu L, Ma Y, Weiss ID, Sun X, Niu G, Farber J, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X
Rapid and simple one-step F-18 labeling of peptides
Bioconjug Chem, 2011;22(3):422-8.

Jacobson O, Zhu L, Niu G, Szajek L, Ma Y, Sun X, Yan Y, Kiesewetter DO, Liu S, Chen X
MicroPET imaging of integrin αvβ3 expressing tumors using ⁸⁹Zr-RGD peptides
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(6):1224-33.

Jiang HH, Kim TH, Lee S, Chen X, Youn YS, Lee KC.
PEGylated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) for effective tumor combination therapy
Biomaterials. 2011;32(33):8529-37.

Karam JA, Huang S, Fan J, Stanfield J, Schultz RA, Pong RC, Sun X, Mason RP, Xie XJ, Niu G, Chen X, Frenkel EP, Sagalowsky AI, Hsieh JT
Upregulation of TRAG3 gene in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Int J Cancer, 2011;128(12):2823-32.

Kiesewetter DO, Jacobson O, Lang L, Chen X
Automated radiochemical synthesis of [¹⁸F]FBEM: a thiol reactive synthon for radiofluorination of peptides and proteins
Appl Radiat Isot, 2011;69(2):410-4.

Kim TH, Jiang HH, Park CW, Youn YS, Lee S, Chen X, Lee KC
PEGylated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-loaded sustained-release PLGA microspheres for enhanced stability and antitumor activity
J Control Release, 2011;150(1):63-9.

Kim TH, Jiang HH, Lee S, Youn YS, Park CW, Chen X, Lee KC
Mono-PEGylated dimeric exendin-4 as high receptor binding and long-acting conjugates for type 2 anti-diabetes therapeutics
Bioconjug Chem, 2011;22(4):625-32.

Kim TH, Jiang HH, Youn YS, Park CW, Taka KK, Lee S, Kim H, Jon S, Chen X, Lee KC
Preparation and characterization of water-soluble albumin-bound curcumin nanoparticles with improved antitumor activity
Int J Pharm, 2011;403(1-2):285-91.

Kim TH, Youn YS, Jiang HH, Lee S, Chen X, Lee KC
PEGylated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) analogues: pharmacokinetics and antitumor effects
Bioconjug Chem, 2011;22(8):1631-7.

Lang L, Li W, Jia HM. Fang DC, Sun X, Zhu L, Ma Y, Shen B, Kiesewetter DO, Niu G, Chen X
New methods for labeling RGD peptides with bromine-76
Theranostics, 2011;1:341-53.

Lee S, Choi KY, Chung H, Ryu JH, Lee A, Koo H, Youn I-C, Park JH, Kim I-S, Kim SY, Chen X, Choi K, Kim K, Kwon IC
Real time, high resolution video imaging of apoptosis in single cells with a polymeric nanoprobe
Bioconjug Chem, 2011;22(2):125-31.

Lee SJ, Park S, Koo H, Lee S, Chen X, Choi Y, Leary J, Park K, Kwon IC, Kim K, Choi K
Tumor-homing photosensitizer-conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for synchronous photodynamic imaging and therapy based on cellular on/off system
Biomaterials, 2011;32(16):4021-9.

Lim SM, Kim TH, Jiang HH, Park CW, Lee S, Chen X, Lee KC
Improved biological half-life and anti-tumor activity of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) using PEG-exposed nanoparticles
Biomaterials, 2011;32(13):3538-46.

Lin X, Xie J, Chen X
Protein-based molecular imaging probes
Amino Acids, 2011;41(5):1013-36.

Lin X, Xie J, Niu G, Zhang F, Gao H, Yang M, Lee S, Chen X
Chimeric ferritin nanocages for multiple function loading and multimodal imaging
Nano Lett, 2011;11 (2):814–819.

Lin X, Xie J, Zhu L, Lee S, Niu G, Kim K, Chen X
Hybrid ferritin cages as activatable probes for tumor imaging
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2011;50(7):1569-72.

Liu G, Swierczewska M, Niu G, Zhang X, Chen X
Molecular imaging of cell-based cancer immunotherapy
Mol Biosyst, 2011; 7(4):993-1003.

Liu G, Wang Z, Lu J, Xia C, Gao F, Gong Q, Song B, Zhao X, Shuai X, Chen X, Ai H, Gu H
Low molecular weight alkyl-polycation wrapped magnetite nanoparticle clusters as MRI probes for stem cell labeling and in vivo imaging
Biomaterials, 2011;32(2):528-37.

Liu G, Xie J, Zhang F, Wang Z, Luo K, Zhu L, Quan Q, Lee S, Ai H, Chen X
N-Alkyl-PEI-functionalized iron oxide nanoclusters for efficient siRNA delivery
Small, 2011;7(19):2742-9. (Cover Feature)

Liu Z, Jia B, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang F
Specific targeting of human integrin αvβ3 with ¹¹¹In-labeled Abegrin^TM in nude mouse models
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(1):112-20.

Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X
Integrin targeted delivery of radiotherapeutics
Theranostics, 2011;1:201-210.

Chen X
Protein and peptide probes for molecular imaging
Amino Acids. 41(5):1009-12.

Lee S, Chen X
Selective imaging of mitochondrial surfaces with novel fluorescent probes
ChemBioChem, 2011;12(14):2120-1.

Michalski M, Chen X
Molecular imaging in cancer treatment
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011;38(2):358-77.

Mittra E, Goris ML, Iagaru AH, Kardan A, Burton L, Berganos R, Chang E, Liu S, Shen B, Chin FT, Chen X, Gambhir SS
First in man pharmacokinetic and dosimetry studies of [¹⁸F]FPPRGD2: A novel PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging αvβ3 integrin levels
Radiology, 2011;260(1):182-91.

Niu G, Chen X
Why integrin as a primary target for imaging and therapy
Theranostics 2011;1:30-47.

Niu G, Chen X
Size effect in molecular imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor
Chem Biol, 2011;18(7):819-20.

Patel S, Bhirde AA, Rusling JF, Chen X, Gutkind S, Patel V
Nano delivers big: Designing molecular missiles for cancer therapeutics
Pharmaceutics 2011;3(1):34-52.

Quan Q, Xie J, Gao H, Yang M, Zhang F, Liu G, Lin X, Wang A, Eden HS, Lee S, Zhang G, Chen X
HSA coated iron oxide nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy
Mol Pharm, 2011; 8(5):1669-76.

Quan Q, Yang M, Gao H, Zhu L, Lin X, Guo N, Zhang G, Eden HS, Niu G, Chen X
Imaging tumor endothelial marker 8 using an ¹⁸F-labeled peptide
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011;38(10):1806-15.

Qin LX, Ma W, Li DW, Li Y, Chen X, Kraatz HB, James TD, Long YT
Coenzyme Q functionalized CdTe/ZnS quantum dots for reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging
Chemistry 2011;17(19):5262-71.

Sun X, Niu G, Chan N, Shen B, Chen X
Tumor hypoxia imaging
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(3):399-410.

Sun X, Yan Y, Liu S, Niu G, Cao Q, Yang M, Neamati N, Shen B, Chen X
¹⁸F-FPPRGD2 and ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging of Abraxane therapy response
J Nucl Med, 2011;52(1):140-6.

Swierczewska M, Lee S, Chen X
The design and application of fluorophore-gold nanoparticle activatable probes
Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2011;13(21):9929-41.

Swierczewska M, Lee S, Chen X
Inorganic nanoparticles for multimodal molecular imaging
Mol Imaging, 2011;10(1):3-16.

Wang F, Niu G, Chen X, Cao F
Molecular imaging of microRNAs
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011;38(8):1572-9.

Wang J, Xie J, Zhou X, Cheng Z, Gu N, Teng G, Hu Q, Zhu F, Chang S, Zhang F, Lu G, Chen X
Ferritin enhances SPIO tracking of C6 rat glioma cells by MRI
Mol Imaging Biol, 2010; 13(1):87-93.

Xie J, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X
Surface-engineered magnetic nanoparticle platforms as cancer theranostics
Acc Chem Res, 2011;44(10):883-92.

Xie J, Zhu L, Lin X, Zhang F, Choi KY, Kim K, Kwon IC, Lee S, Sun S, Leapman R, Chen X
Multi-quenched flower-like Au-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for protease determination in vivo
ACS Nano, 2011;5(4):3043-51.

Xing R, Liu G, Quan Q, Bhirde A, Zhang G, Jin A, Zhang A, Liang A, Bryant LH, Eden HS, Hou Y, Chen X
Functional MnO nanoclusters for efficient siRNA delivery
Chem Comm (Cambridge), 2011;47(44):12152-4.

Yan Y, Chen K, Yang M, Sun X, Liu S, Chen X
A new ¹⁸F-labeled BBN-RGD peptide heterodimer with a symmetric linker for prostate cancer imaging
Amino Acids, 2011;41(2):439-47.

Yan Y, Chen X
Peptide heterodimers for molecular imaging
Amino Acids, 2011;41(5):1081-92.

Yang M, Gao H, Sun X, Yan Y, Zhang W, Mohamedali K, Rosenblum MG, Quan Q, Niu G, Chen X
Multiplexed PET probes for imaging breast cancer early response to VEGF₁₂₁/rGel treatment
Mol Pharm, 2011;8(2):621-8.

Yang M, Gao H, Yan Y, Sun X, Chen K, Quan Q, Lang L, Kiesewetter DO, Niu G, Chen X
PET imaging of early response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD4190
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011;38(7):1237-47.

Yang M, Gao H, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Quan Q, Zhu L, Lang L, Chen K, Niu G, Yan Y, Chen X
¹⁸F-Labeled bombesin receptor agonist and antagonist: A comparative study in prostate cancer imaging
Theranostics, 2011;1:220-229.

Ye Y, Chen X
Integrin targeting for tumor optical imaging
Theranostics 2011;1:102-126.

Ye Y, Zhu L, Ma Y, Niu G, Chen X
Synthesis and evaluation of new iRGD peptide analogs for tumor optical imaging
Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2011;21(4):1146-1150.

Zeng Y, Liu G, Ma Y, Chen X, Ito Y
Organic high ionic strength aqueous two-phase solvent system series for separation of ultra-polar compounds by spiral high-speed counter-current chromatography
J Chromatogr A. 2011;1218(48):8715-7.

Zhang F, Niu G, Lu G, Chen X
Preclinical lymphatic imaging
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(4):599-612.

Zhang F, Xie J, Liu G, He Y, Lu G, Chen X
In vivo MRI tracking of cell invasion and migration in a rat glioma model
Mol Imaging Biol, 2011;13(4):695-701.

Zhang F, Zhu L, Liu G, Hida N, Lu G, Eden HS, Niu G, Chen X
Multimodality imaging of tumor response to Doxil
Theranostics, 2011;1:302-309.

Zhang L, Li Y, Li DW, Jing C, Chen X, Lv M, Huang Q, Long YT, Willner I
Single gold nanoparticles as real-time optical probes for the detection of NADH-dependent intracellular metabolic enzymatic pathways
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2011;50(30):6789-92.

Zhou Y, Kim Y-S, Jacobson O, Chen X, Liu S
⁶⁴Cu-labeled lissamine rhodamine B: a promising PET radiotracer targeting tumor mitochondria
Mol Pharm, 2011;8(4):1198-208.

Zhou Y, Kim Y-S, Shi J, Jacobson O, Chen X, Liu S
Evaluation of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled acridinium cation: A PET radiotracer targeting tumor mitochondria
Bioconjug Chem, 2011; 22(4):700-8.

Zhu L, Wang H-L, Wang L, Wang Y, Jiang K, Li Cheng, Ma Q, Gao S, Wang L, Li W, Cai M-J, Wang D-H, Niu G, Lee S, Yang W, Fang XX, Chen X
High-affinity peptide against MT1-MMP for in vivo tumor imaging
J Control Release, 2011;150(3):248-255. (Cover feature)

Zhu L, Xie J, Swierczewska M, Zhang F, Lin X, Fang X, Niu G, Lee S, Chen X
Dual-functional, receptor-targeted fluorogenic probe for in vivo imaging of extracellular protease expressions
Bioconjug Chem, 2011;22(6):1001-5.

Zhu L, Xie J, Zhang F, Quan Q, Ma Y, Niu G, Kim K, Lee S, Chen X
Real-time video imaging of protease expression in vivo
Theranostics, 2011;1:18-27.

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2010

Alam MR, Min X, Dixit V, Fisher M, Chen X, Juliano RL
The biological effect of an antisense oligonucleotide depends on its route of endocytosis and trafficking
Oligonucleotides, 2010;20(2):103-9.

Anderson CJ, Bulte JWM, Chen K, Chen X, Khaw B-A, Shokeem M, Wooley KL, VanBrocklin HF
Design of targeted cardiovascular molecular imaging probes
J Nucl Med, 2010;51 Suppl 1:3S-17S.

Beer AJ, Chen X
Imaging of angiogenesis: from morphology to molecules and from bench to bedside
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010;37(Suppl 1):S1-3.

Chen K, Chen X
Design and development of molecular imaging probes
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010;10(12):1227-36.

Chen X
The medicinal chemistry of targeted tumor imaging (I)
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010;10(11):1046-7.

Chen X
The medicinal chemistry of targeted tumor imaging (II)
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010;10(12):1145-6.

Chen X, Del Vecchio S
Molecular imaging of tumor microenvironment
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010;54(3):243.

de la Zerda A, Liu Z, Bodapati S, Teed R, Vaithilingam S, Khuri-Yakub BT, Chen X, Dai H, Gambhir SS
Ultrahigh sensitivity carbon nanotube agents for photoacoustic molecular imaging in living mice
Nano Lett, 2010;10(6):2168-72.

Gao J, Chen K, Xie R, Xie J, Lee S, Gambhir SS, Peng X, Chen X
Ultrasmall near-infrared non-cadmium quantum dots for in vivo tumor imaging
Small, 2010;6(2):256-61.

Gao J, Chen K, Xie R, Xie J, Yan Y, Peng X, Chen X
In vivo tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging using near-infrared non-cadmium quantum dots
Bioconjug Chem, 2010;21(4):604-9.

Gao J, Chen X, Cheng Z
Near-infrared quantum dots as optical probes for tumor imaging
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010;10(12):1147-57.

Haubner R, Beer AJ, Wang H, Chen X
Positron emission tomography tracers for imaging angiogenesis
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010;37(Suppl 1):S86-103.

Huang J, Bu L, Xie J, Chen K, Cheng Z, Li X, Chen X
Effects of nanoparticle size on cellular uptake and liver MRI with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated iron oxide nanoparticles
ACS Nano, 2010;4(12):7151-60.

Huang J, Xie J, Chen K, Bu L, Cheng Z, Li X, Chen X
HSA coated MnO nanoparticles with prominent MRI contrast for tumor imaging
Chem Comm (Camb), 2010;46(36):6684-6.

Jacobson O, Chen X
PET designated flouride-18 production and chemistry
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010 Aug;10(11):1048-59.

Jacobson O, Weiss ID, Kiesewetter DO, Farber JM, Chen X
PET Imaging of Tumor CXCR4 Expression with 4-¹⁸F-T140
J Nucl Med, 2010;51(11):1796–1804

Jang E-S, Chen X, Won J-H, Chung J-H, Jang D-J, Kim Y-W, Choy J-H
Soft-solution route to ZnO nanowall array with low threshold power density
Appl Phys Lett, 2010;97:043109.

Jang ES, Won JH, Kim YW, Chen X, Choy JH
Soft-solution route to various ZnO nanoplate arrays
CrystEngComm, 2010;12(11):3467-3470.

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X
Peptide-based probes for targeted molecular imaging
Biochemistry, 2010; 49(7):1364-76

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X
Peptides and peptide hormones for molecular imaging and disease diagnosis
Chem Rev, 2010;110(5):3087-111.

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X
Activatable moleuclar probes for cancer imaging
Curr Top Med Chem, 2010;10(11):1135-44.

Liu G, Swierczewska M, Lee S, Chen X
Functional nanoparticles for molecular imaging guided gene delivery
Nano Today, 2010;5(6):524-539.

Liu J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Li X, Ma X, Sun D, Zhang R, Chen D, Chen D, Chen X, Laing J, Cao F, Tian J
In vivo quantitative bioluminescence tomography on heterogeneous and homogeneous mouse models
Opt Express, 2010;18(12):13102-13.

Liu S, Liu Z, Chen K, Yan Y, Watzlowik P, Wester H-J, Chin FT, Chen X
¹⁸F-labeled galacto and PEGylated RGD dimers for PET imaging of αvβ3 integrin expression
Mol Imaging Biol, 2010;12(5):530-8.

Liu Z, Liu S, Niu G, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X
Optical imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression with near-infrared fluorescent RGD dimer with tetra(ethylene glycol) linkers
Mol Imaging, 2010;9(1):21-9.

Liu Z, Liu Y, Jia B, Zhao H, Jin X, Li F, Chen X, Wang F
Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted radioimmunotherapy of human head and neck cancer xenografts using 90Y-labeled fully human antibody panitumumab
Mol Cancer Ther, 2010;9(8):2297-308.

Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Lang L, Gu D, Chen X
Applications of LC-MS in PET radioligand development and metabolic elucidation
Curr Drug Metab, 2010;11(6):483-93.

Ma Z, Ma Y, Sun X, Ye Y, Shen B, Chen X, Ito Y
Preparative isolation and purification of optical imaging probe-Cybesin by counter-current chromatography
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878(29):3039-43.

Ming X, Alam MR, Fisher M, Yan Y, Chen X, Juliano RL
Intracellular delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide via endocytosis of a G protein-coupled receptor
Nucl Acid Res, 2010;38(19):6567-76.

Niu G, Chen X
Vascular endothelial growth factor as an anti-angiogenic target for cancer therapy
Curr Drug Targets, 2010;11(8):1000-17.

Niu G, Chen X
Imaging of Apoptosis: Beyond Annexin V
J Nucl Med, 2010; 51(11):1659–1662

Niu G, Sun X, Cao Q, Courter D, Koong A, Le Q-T, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Cetuximab-based immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Clin Cancer Res, 2010;16:2095-105. (Cover feature)

Pendharkar AV, Chua JY, Andres RH, Wang N, Gaeta X, Wang H, De A, Choi R, Chen X, Rutt BK, Gambhir SS, Guzman R
Biodistribution of neural stem cells after intravascular therapy for hypoxic-ischemia
Stroke, 2010;41(9):2064-70

Sun A, Hou L, Prugpichailers T, Dunkel J, Kalani MA, Chen X, Kalani MYS, Tse V
Firefly luciferase-based dynamic bioluminescence imaging: a noninvasive technique to assess tumor angiogenesis
Neurosurgery, 2010;66(4):751-7; discussion 757.

Sun X, Niu G, Yan Y, Yang M, Chen K, Ma Y, Chan N, Shen B, Chen X
Phage display library derived peptides for osteosarcoma imaging
Clin Cancer Res, 2010;16(16):4268-4277.

Wang K, Wang K, Shen B, Huang T, Sun X, Li W, Jin G, Li L, Bu L, Li R, Wang D, Chen X
MR reporter gene imaging of endostatin expression and therapy
Mol Imaging Biol, 2010;12(5):520-9.

Xie J, Chen K, Huang J, Lee S, Wang J, Gao J, Li X, Chen X
PET/NIRF/MRI triple functional iron oxide nanoparticles
Biomaterials, 2010;31(11):3016-22.

Xie J, Lee S, Chen X
Development of theranostic agents that co-deliver therapeutic and imaging agents
Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2010;62:1064-1079.

Xie J, Wang J, Niu G, Huang J, Chen K, Li X, Gong H, Chen X
Human serum albumin coated iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient cell labeling
Chem Comm (Camb), 2010;46(3):433-5.

Zhao R, Deng J, Liang X, Zeng J, Chen X, Wang J
Treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma with phosphorus-32 intracavitary irradiation
Childs Nerv Syst, 2010;26(5):669-74.

Zhu L, Niu G, Fang X, Chen X
Preclinical imaging of angiogenesis
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2010;54(3):291-308.

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2009

Cai W, Guzman R, Hsu AR, Wang H, Chen K, Sun G, Gera A, Choi R, Bliss T, He L, Li ZB, Maag AL, Hori N, Zhao H, Moseley M, Steinberg GK, Chen X
Positron emission tomography imaging of poststroke angiogenesis
Stroke, 2009;40(1):270-7.

Cao F, Li Z, Chen K, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X, Wu JC
PET imaging of angiogenesis formation in teratoma from human embryonic stem cells
Cancer Res, 2009;69(7):2709-13.

Chen K, Cai W, Li Z-B, Wang H, Chen X
Quantitative PET imaging of VEGF receptor expression
Mol Imaging Biol, 2009;11(1):15-22.

Chen K, Xie J, Chen X
RGD-human serum albumin conjugates as efficient tumor targeting probes
Mol Imaging, 2009;8(2):65-73.

Chen K, Xie J, Xu H, Behera D, Michalski MH, Biswal S, Wang A, Chen X
Triblock copolymer coated iron oxide nanoparticle conjugate for tumor integrin targeting
Biomaterials, 2009;30(36):6912-9.

Lee S, Chen X
Dual-modality probes for in vivo molecular imaging
Mol Imaging, 2009;8(2):87-100. (Cover feature)

Lee S, Ryu JH, Park K, Lee A, Lee SY, Youn IC, Ahn CH, Yoon SM, Myung SJ, Moon DH, Chen X, Choi K, Kwon IC, Kim K
Polymeric nanoparticle-based activatable near-infrared nanosensor for protease determination in vivo
Nano Lett, 2009;9(12):4412-6.

Li ZB, Chen K, Wu Z, Wang H, Niu G, Chen X
⁶⁴Cu-labeled PEGylated polyethylenimine for cell trafficking and tumor imaging
Mol Imaging Biol, 2009;11(6):415-23.

Liu Z, Fan AC, Rakhra K, Sherlock S, Goodwin A, Chen X, Yang Q, Felsher DW, Dai H
Supramolecular stacking of doxorubicin on carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer therapy
Angew Chem Int Engl, 2009;48(41):7668-72.

Liu Z, Li Z-B, Cao Q, Liu S, Wang F, Chen X
Small animal PET of tumors with ⁶⁴Cu-labeled RGD-bombesin heterodimer
J Nucl Med, 2009;50(7):1168-1177.

Liu Z, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X
Non-invasive imaging of tumor integrin expression using ¹⁸F-labeled RGD dimer peptide with PEG4 linkers
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009; 36(8):1296-307.

Liu Z, Shi J, Niu G, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X
⁶⁸Ga-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 linkers: promising agents for tumor integrin αvβ3 PET imaging
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009;36(6):947-57.

Liu Z, Niu G, Wang F, Chen X
⁶⁸Ga-labeled NOTA-RGD-BBN peptide for dual integrin and GRPR targeted tumor imaging
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009; 36(9):1483-94.

Liu Z, Yan Y, Chin FT, Wang F, Chen X
Dual integrin and GRPR targeted tumor imaging using ¹⁸F-labeled PEGylated BBN-RGD heterodimer ¹⁸F-PEG3-Glu-RGD-BBN
J Med Chem, 2009;52(2):425-32.

Liu Z, Yan Y, Liu S, Wang F, Chen X
¹⁸F, ⁶⁴Cu, and ⁶⁸Ga labeled RGD-bombesin heterodimeric peptides for PET imaging of breast cancer
Bioconjug Chem, 2009; 20(5):1016–1025.

Niu G, Chen X
From protein-protein interaction to therapy response: molecular imaging of heat shock proteins
Eur J Radiol, 2009;70(2):294-304.

Niu G, Chen X
Noninvasive visualization of microRNA by bioluminescence imaging
Mol Imaging Biol, 2009;11(2):61-3.

Niu G, Chen X
The role of molecular imaging in drug delivery
Drug Delivery, 2009;3:109-113.

Niu G, Chen X
PET imaging of angiogenesis
PET Clinics, 2009;4(1):17-38.

Niu G, Li Z, Cao Q, Chen X
Monitoring therapeutic response of human ovarian cancer to 17-DMAG by noninvasive PET imaging with ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009; 36(9):1510-9.

Niu G, Li Z, Xie J, Le Q-T, Chen X
PET imaging antibody delivery in EGFR positive head-neck squamous cell carcinoma models
J Nucl Med, 2009;50(7):1116-23.

Ren C, Yan Z, Wei D, Gao X, Chen X, Zhao H
Limb remote postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats
Brain Res, 2009;1288:88-94.

Shi J, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S
Improving tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 linkers
Bioconjug Chem, 2009;20(4):750-9.

Tobinick EL, Chen K, Chen X
Rapid intracerebroventricular delivery of Cu-DOTA-etanercept after peripheral administration demonstrated by PET imaging
BMC Res Notes, 2009;2:28.

Xie J, Chen K, Chen X
Production, modification and bio-applications of magnetic nanoparticles gestated by magnetotactic bacteria
Nano Res, 2009;2:261-78.

Xie J, Huang J, Li X, Sun S, Chen X
Iron oxide nanoparticle platform for biomedical applications
Curr Med Chem, 2009;16(10):1278-94.

Wang H, Cao F, De A, Cao YA, Contag CH, Gambhir SS, Wu JC, Chen X
Trafficking mesenchymal stem cell engraftment and differentiation in tumor-bearing mice by bioluminescence imaging
Stem Cells, 2009; 27(7):1548-58.

Wang H, Chen K, Niu G, Chen X
Site-specifically biotinylated VEGF₁₂₁ for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor angiogenesis
Mol Pharm, 2009;6(1):285-94.

Wang H, Chen X
Applications for site-directed molecular imaging agents coupled with drug delivery potential
Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2009;6(7):745-68.

Wang K, Wang K, Li W, Huang T, Li R, Wang D, Shen B, Chen X
Characterizing breast cancer xenograft epidermal growth factor receptor expression by using near-infrared optical imaging
Acta Radiol, 2009;50(10):1095-103.

Wang L, Shi J, Kim Y-S, Zhai S, Jia B, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu S
Improving tumor-targeting capability and pharmacokinetics of ^99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with PEG4 linkers
Mol Pharm, 2009;6(1):231-45.

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2008

Alam MR, Dixiti V, Kang H, Li ZB, Chen X, Juliano R.
Intracellular delivery of an anionic antisense oligonucleotide via receptor-mediated endocytosis
Nucl Acid Res, 2008;36(8):2764-76.

Cai W, Chen X
Multimodality molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis
J Nucl Med, 2008;49(Suppl 2):113S-128S.

Cai W, Chen X
Preparation of peptide conjugated quantum dots for targeted cancer imaging
Nat Protocol 2008;3(1):89-96.

Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Chapter 7. Molecular imaging of tumor vasculature
Methods Enzymol. 2008;445:141-76.

Cai W, Niu G, Chen X
Molecular Imaging of the HER-Kinase Axis in cancer
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(1):186-208.

Cai W, Niu G, Chen X
Imaging of integrins as biomarkers for tumor angiogenesis
Curr Pharm Des, 2008;14(28):2943-73.

Cao Q, Cai W, Niu G, He L, Chen X
Multimodality imaging of IL-18--binding protein-Fc therapy of experimental lung metastasis
Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14(19):6137-45.

Cao Q, Li Z-B, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Neamati N, Chen X
Evaluation of biodistribution and anti-tumor effect of a dimeric RGD peptide-paclitaxel conjugate in mice with breast cancer
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(8):1489-98.

Chen K, Li ZB, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X
Dual-modality optical and positron emission tomography imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor on tumor vasculature using quantum dots
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(12):2235-44.

Chin FT, Namavari M, Levi J, Subbarayan M, Ray P, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Semiautomated radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [¹⁸F]FEAU: a novel PET imaging agent for HSV1-tk/sr39tk reporter gene expression
Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10(2):82-91.

De la Zerda A, Zavaleta C, Keren S, Vaithilingam S, Bodapati S, Liu Z, Levi J, Smith BR, Ma TJ, Oralkan O, Cheng Z, Chen X, Dai H, Khuri-Yakub BT, Gambhir SS
Carbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living mice
Nat Nanotechnol, 2008;3(9):557-62.

Huang M, Chan D, Jia F, Xie X, Li Z, Hoyt G, Robbins RC, Chen X, Giaccia A, Wu JC
Short hairpin RNA interference therapy for ischemic heart disease
Circulation, 2008;118(14 Suppl):S226-33.

Hsu AR, Chen X
Advances in anatomical, functional and molecular imaging of angiogenesis
J Nucl Med, 2008;49(4):511-514.

Kashefi A, Zhao H, Chen X
Molecular imaging as the main part of our decision-making and treatment strategies in stroke
Front Biosci, 2008;13:1535-1556.

Kim YS, Yang CT, Wang J, Wang L, Li ZB, Chen X, Liu S
Effects of targeting moiety, linker, bifunctional chelator, and molecular charge on biological properties of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled triphenylphosphonium cations
J Med Chem, 2008;51(10):2971-84.

Lee HY, Lee SH, Xu C, Xie J, Lee JH, Wu B, Koh AL, Wang X, Sinclair R, Wang SX, Nishimura DG, Biswal S, Sun S, Cho SH, Chen X
Synthesis and characterization of PVP-coated large core iron oxide nanoparticles as an MRI contrast agent
Nanotechnology, 2008;19(16): 165101.

Lee HY, Li Z, Chen K, Hsu AR, Xu C, Xie J, Sun S, Chen X
PET/MRI dual-modality tumor imaging using arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD)-conjugated radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles
J Nucl Med, 2008;49(8):1371-9.

Li ZB, Chen K, Chen X.
⁶⁸Ga-labeled multimeric RGD peptides for microPET imaging of αvβ3 integrin expression
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(6):1100-8.

Li ZB, Niu G, Wang H, He L, Ploug M, Chen X
Imaging of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression using a ⁶⁴Cu-labeled linear peptide antagonist by microPET
Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14(15):4758-66.

Li ZB, Wu Z, Cao Q, Tseng J, Gambhir SS, Chen X
The synthesis of ¹⁸F-FDS and its potential application in molecular imaging
Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10(2):92-8.

Li ZB, Wu Z, Chen K, Ryu E-K, Chen X
¹⁸F-labeled BBN-RGD heterodimer for prostate cancer imaging
J Nucl Med, 2008;49(3):453-61.

Liu Z, Chen K, Davis C, Sherlock S, Cao Q, Chen X, Dai H
Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment
Cancer Res, 2008;68(16):6552-6560. (Cover feature)

Liu Z, Davis C, Cai W, He L, Chen X, Dai H
Circulation and long-term fate of functionalized, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice probed by Raman spectroscopy
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(5):1410-5.

Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X
Integrin αvβ3 targeted cancer therapy
Drug Dev Res, 2008;69(6):329-39.

Niu G, Cai W, Chen K, Chen X Non-invasive PET imaging of EGFR degradation induced by heat shock protein 90 inhibitor
Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10(2):99-106.

Niu G, Cai W, Chen X
Molecular imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression
Front Biosci, 2008;13:790-805.

Niu G, Chen X
Has molecular and cellular imaging enhanced drug discovery and drug development?
Drugs R D, 2008;9(6):351-68.

Ren C, Gao X, Niu G, Yan Z, Chen X, Zhao H
Delayed postconditioning protects against focal ischemic brain injury in rats
PloS ONE, 2008;3(12):e3851.

Rodriguez-Porcel M, Cai W, Gheysens O, Chen I, Chen K, He L, Willman J, Wu JC, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Imaging of VEGF receptor in a rat myocardial infarction model using PET
J Nucl Med, 2008;49(4):667-673.

Ryu EK, Chen X
Molecular imaging for Alzheimer’s disease
Front Biosci, 2008;13:777-789.

Ryu EK, Wu Z, Chen K, Lazarus LH, Marczak ED, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Salvadori S, Ren C, Zhao H, Balboni G, Chen X
Synthesis of a potent and selective ¹⁸F-labeled delta-opioid receptor antagonist derived from the Dmt-Tic pharmacophore for positron emission tomography imaging
J Med Chem, 2008;51(6):1817-23.

Schipper ML, Iyer G, Koh AL, Cheng Z, Ebenstein Y, Aharoni A, Keren S, Bentolila LA, Li J, Rao J, Chen X, Banin U, Wu AM, Sinclair R, Weiss S, Gambhir SS
Particle size, surface coating, and PEGylation influence the biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice
Small, 2008;5(1):126-34.

Shi J, Jia B, Liu Z, Yang Z, Yu Z, Chen K, Chen X, Liu S, Wang F
^99mTc-labeled bombesin(7-14)NH₂ with favorable properties for SPECT imaging of colon cancer
Bioconjug Chem, 2008;19(6):1170-8.

Shi J, Wang L, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S
Improving tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of ^99mTc-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) dimers with triglycine linkers
J Med Chem, 2008;51(24):7980-90.

Veeravagu A, Hou LC, Hsu AR, Cai W, Greve JM, Chen X, Tse V
The temporal correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with tumor angiogenesis in a murine glioblastoma model
Neurol Res. 2008;30(9):952-9.

Veeravagu A, Liu Z, Niu G, Chen K, Jia B, Cai W, Jin C, Hsu AR, Connolly AJ, Tse V, Wang F, Chen X
Integrin-αvβ3 targeted radioimmunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme
Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14(22):7330-9.

Wang H, Chen K, Cai W, Li Z, He L, Kashefi A, Chen X
Integrin-targeted imaging and therapy with RGD4C-TNF fusion protein
Mol Cancer Ther, 2008;7(5):1044-53.

Wang H, Chen X
Site-specifically modified fusion protein for molecular imaging
Front Biosci, 2008;13:1716-32.

Wang H, Chen X
Imaging mesenchymal stem cell migration and the implications for stem cell-based cancer therapies
Future Oncol, 2008;4(5):623-8.

Willman JK, Paulmurugan R, Chen K, Gheysens O, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Lutz AM, Chen IY, Chen X, Gambhir SS
US imaging of tumor angiogenesis with microbubbles targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 in mice
Radiology, 2008;246(2):508-18.

Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, Paulmurugan P, Rollins M, Cai W, Wang D, Chen IY, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Monitoring of the biological response to murine hindlimb ischemia with ⁶⁴Cu-labeled vascular endothelial growth factor-121 positron emission tomography
Circulation, 2008;117(7):915-22.

Xie J, Chen K, Lee H-Y, Xu C, Hsu AR, Peng S, Chen X, Sun S
Ultrasmall c(RGDyK)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their specific targeting to integrin αvβ3-rich tumor cells
J Am Chem Soc, 2008;130(24):7542-3.

Xie R, Chen K, Chen X, Peng X
InAs/InP/ZnSe core/shell/shell quantum dots as near-infrared emitters: bright, narrow-band, non-cadmium, and biocompatible
Nano Res, 2008;1(6):457-64.

Yang CT, Kim YS, Wang J, Wang L, Shi J, Li ZB, Chen X, Fan M, Li JJ, Liu S
⁶⁴Cu-labeled 2-(diphenylphosphoryl)ethyldiphenylphosphonium cations as highly selective tumor imaging agents: effects of linkers and chelates on radiotracer biodistribution characteristics
Bioconjug Chem, 2008;19(10):2008-22.

Zavaleta C, de la Zerda A, Liu Z, Keren S, Cheng Z, Schipper M, Chen X, Dai H, Gambhir SS
Noninvasive Raman spectroscopy in living mice for evaluation of tumor targeting with carbon nanotubes
Nano Lett, 2008;8(9):2800-5.

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2007

Cai W, Chen K, He L, Cao Q, Koong A, Chen X
Quantitative PET of EGFR expression in xenograft-bearing mice using ⁶⁴Cu-labeled cetuximab, a chimeric anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging,
2007;34(6):850-8.

Cai W, Chen K, Li ZB, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Dual-function probe for PET and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(11):1862-70.

Cai W, Chen X
Multimodality imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression
Front Biosci. 2007;12:4267-79.

Cai W, Chen X
Nanoplatforms for targeted molecular imaging in living subjects
Small, 2007;3(11):1840-54. (Inside cover)

Cai W, Ebrahimnejad A, Chen K, Cao Q, Li Z-B, Tice DA, Chen X
Quantitative radioimmunoPET imaging of EphA2 in living mice
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34(12):2024-36.

Cai W, Hsu AR, Li ZB, Chen X Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects?
Nanoscale Res Lett, 2007;2(6):265-81.

Cai W, Olafsen T, Zhang X, Cao Q, Gambhir SS, Williams LE, Wu AM, Chen X
PET imaging of colorectal cancer in xenograft-bearing mice by use of an ¹⁸F-labeled T84.66 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen diabody
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(2):304-10.

Cao Q, Cai W, Li ZB, Chen K, He L, Li HC, Hui M, Chen X
PET of acute and chronic inflammation in living mice
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2007;34(11):1832-42.

Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Subbarayan M, Chen X, Gambhir SS
⁶⁴Cu-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog for microPET imaging of melanocortin 1 receptor expression
Bioconjug Chem 2007;18(3):765-72.

Cheng Z, Zhang L, Graves E, Xiong Z, Dandekar M, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Small-animal PET of melanocortin 1 receptor expression using a ¹⁸F-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog
J Nucl Med. 2007;48:987-94.

Hsu AR, Cai W, Veeravagu A, Mohamedali KA, Chen K, Kim S, Vogel H, Hou LC, Tse V, Rosenblum MG, Chen X
Multimodality molecular imaging of glioblastoma growth inhibition with vasculature-targeting fusion toxin VEGF121/rGel
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(3):445-54.

Hsu AR, Veeravagu A, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VC, Chen X
Integrin a_vβ₃ antagonists for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov, 2007;2(2):143-160.

Hwang T, Han HD, Song CK, Seong H, Kim JH, Chen X, Shin BC
Anticancer drug-phospholipid conjugate for enhancement of intracellular drug delivery
Macromol Symp 2007;249-250(1):109-15.

Iagaru A, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Molecular imaging can accelerate anti-angiogenic drug development and testing
Nat Clin Pract Oncol, 2007;4(10):556-7.

Li Z, Cai W, Chen X
Semiconductor quantum dots for in vivo imaging
J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2007;7(8):2567-81.

Li ZB, Cai W, Cao Q, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Chen X
⁶⁴Cu-labeled tetrameric and octameric RGD peptides for small-animal PET of tumor a_vβ₃ integrin expression
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(7):1162-71.

Li ZB, Wu Z, Chen K, Chin FT, Chen X.
Click chemistry for ¹⁸F-labeling of RGD peptides and microPET imaging of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression
Bioconjug Chem, 2007;18(6):1987-94.

Liu S, Hsieh WY, Jiang Y, Kim YS, Sreerama SG, Chen X, Jia B, Wang F
Evaluation of a ^99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD tetramer for noninvasive imaging integrin αvβ3-positive breast cancer
Bioconjug Chem, 2007;18(2):438-46.

Liu Z, Cai W, He L, Nakayama N, Chen K, Sun X, Chen X, Dai H
In vivo biodistribution and highly efficient tumour targeting of carbon nanotubes in mice
Nat Nanotechnol, 2007;2(1):47-52.

Niu G, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Cai W, Gambhir SS, Xing L, Chen X
In vivo bioluminescence tumor imaging of RGD peptide-modified adenoviral vector encoding firefly luciferase reporter gene
Mol Imaging Biol, 2007;9(3):126-34.

Schipper ML, Cheng Z, Lee SW, Bentolila LA, Iyer G, Rao J, Chen X, Wu AM, Weiss S, Gambhir SS
microPET-based biodistribution of quantum dots in living mice
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(9):1511-8.

Veeravagu A, Hsu AR, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VC, Chen X
Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov, 2007;2(1):59-71.

Wang H, Cai W, Chen K, Li ZB, Kashefi A, He L, Chen X
A new PET tracer specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2007;34(12):2001-2010.

Wang J, Yang CT, Kim YS, Sreerama SG, Cao Q, Li ZB, He Z, Chen X, Liu S
⁶⁴Cu-Labeled triphenylphosphonium and triphenylarsonium cations as highly tumor-selective imaging agents
J Med Chem, 2007;50(21):5057-69.

Wu Z, Li ZB, Chen K, Cai W, He L, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X
microPET of tumor a_vβ₃ integrin expression using ¹⁸F-labeled PEGylated tetrameric RGD peptide (¹⁸F-FPRGD4)
J Nucl Med, 2007;48(9):1536-44.

Wu Z, Li ZB, Cai W, He L, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X
¹⁸F-labeled mini-PEG spacered RGD dimer (¹⁸F-FPRGD2): synthesis and microPET imaging of a_vβ₃ integrin expression
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34(11):1823-31.

Zhang X, Chen X.
Preparation and characterization of ^99mTc(CO)₃-BPy-RGD complex as α_vβ₃ integrin receptor targeted imaging agent
Appl Radiat Isot, 2007;65(1):70-8.

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2006

Cai W, Chen K, Mohamedali KA, Cao Q, Gambhir SS, Rosenblum MG, Chen X
PET of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression
J Nucl Med. 2006;47(12):2048-56.

Cai W, Chen X.
Anti-angiogenic cancer therapy based on integrin αvβ3 antagonism
Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2006;6(5):407-28.

Cai W, Rao J, Gambhir SS, Chen X
How molecular imaging is speeding up antiangiogenic drug development
Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5(11): 2624-33.

Cai W, Shin DW, Chen K, Gheysens O, Cao Q, Wang SX, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects
Nano Lett, 2006;6(4):669-676.

Cai W, Wu Y, Chen K, Cao Q, Tice DA, Chen X
In vitro and in vivo characterization of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled Abegrin, a humanized monoclonal antibody against integrin a_vβ₃
Cancer Res, 2006;66(19):9673-81.

Cai W, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen X.
A thiol-reactive ¹⁸F-labeling agent, N-[2-(4-¹⁸F-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide, and synthesis of RGD peptide-based tracer for PET imaging of a_vβ₃ integrin expression
J Nucl Med, 2006;47(7):1172-1180.

Cao F, Lin S, Krishnan M, Ray P, Patel M, Drukker M, Dylla SJ, Connolly AJ, Chen X, Weissman I, Gambhir SS, Wu JC
In vivo visualization of embryonic stem cell survival, proliferation, and migration after cardiac delivery
Circulation, 2006;113(7):1005-14.

Cao Q, Cai W, Li T, Yang Y, Chen K, Xing L, Chen X
Combination of integrin siRNA and irradiation for breast cancer therapy
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006; 351(3):726-32.

Chen X
Multimodality imaging of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression
Mini Rev Med Chem, 2006;6(2):227-34.

Chen X, Gambhir SS.
Significance of one-bead-one-compound combinational chemistry
Nat Chem Biol. 2006;2(7):351-2.

Chen X, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Tohme M, Moats RA, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS
Longitudinal microPET imaging of brain tumor growth with F-18-labeled RGD peptide
Mol Imaging Biol, 2006;8(1):9-15.

Cheng Z, Levi J, Xiong Z, Gheysens O, Keren S, Chen X, Gambhir SS
Near-infrared fluorescent deoxyglucose analogue for tumor optical imaging in cell culture and living mice
Bioconjug Chem, 2006;17(3):662-669.

Dayam R, Aiello F, Wu Y, Garofalo A, Chen X, Neamati N.
Discovery of small molecule integrin αvβ3 antagonists as novel anticancer agents
J Med Chem, 2006;49(15):4526-34.

Hsu AR, Hou LC, Veeravagu A, Greve JM, Vogel H, Tse V, Chen X
In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin αvβ3 in an orthotopic glioblastoma model
Mol Imaging Biol. 2006;8(6):315-23.

Wu Y, W Cai, Chen X.
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor integrin α_vβ₃ expression with Cy7-labeled RGD multimers
Mol Imaging Biol, 2006;8(4):226-36.

Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Patel M, Wu JC, Gambhir SS, Chen X.
Imaging chemically modified adenovirus for targeting tumors expressing integrin αvβ3 in living mice with mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase PET reporter gene
J Nucl Med, 2006;47(1):130-9. (Cover feature)

Yang YS, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Chen X.
MicroPET imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression with ⁶⁴Cu-labeled bombesin analogs in a mouse model of human prostate adenocarcinoma
Nucl Med Biol, 2006;33(3):371-80.

Zhang X, Cai W, Cao F, Schreibmann E, Wu Y, Wu JC, Xing L, Chen X
¹⁸F-labeled bombesin analogs for targeting GRP receptor-expressing prostate cancer
J Nucl Med, 2006;47(3):492-501.

Zhang X, Xiong Z, Wu Y, Tseng JR, Gambhir SS, Chen X.
Quantitative PET imaging of tumor integrin a_vβ₃ expression with ¹⁸F-FRGD2
J Nucl Med, 2006;47(1):113-121.

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2005

Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Multimodality iumor imaging targeting integrin a_vβ₃
Biotechniques, 2005;39(6 Suppl):S14-25.

Chen X, Plasencia C, Hou Y, Neamati N.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of dimeric RGD peptide-paclitaxel conjugate as a model for integrin-targeted drug delivery
J Med Chem 2005;48(4):1098-106.

Chen X, Sievers E, Hou Y, Park R, Tohme M, Bart R, Bremner R, Bading JR, Conti PS
Integrin a_vb₃ targeted imaging of lung cancer
Neoplasia 2005;7(3):271-9.

Cheng Z, Subbarayan M, Chen X, Gambhir SS.
Synthesis of (4-[¹⁸F]fluorophenyl)triphenylphosphonium as a potential imaging agent for mitochondrial dysfunction
J Labelled Compds Radiopharm, 2005;48:131-7.

Cheng Z, Wu Y, Xiong Z, Gambhir SS, Chen X
Near-infrared fluorescent RGD peptides for optical imaging of integrin a_vβ₃ expression in living mice
Bioconjug Chem. 2005;16(6):1433-41.

Kang KW, Min JJ, Chen X, Gambhir SS.
Comparison of [¹⁴C]FMAU, [³H]FEAU, [¹⁴C]FIAU, and [³H]PCV for monitoring reporter gene expression of wild type and mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase in cell culture
Mol Imaging Biol, 2005;7(4):296-303.

Wu Y, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Fisher Dr, Liu S, Gambhir SS, Chen X.
MicroPET imaging of glioma alpha(v)-integrin expression using ⁶⁴Cu-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide
J Nucl Med, 2005;46(10):1707-1718.

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2004

Chen X, Conti PS, Moats RA
In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin a_vb₃ in brain tumor xenografts
Cancer Res 2004;64:8009-14.

Chen X, Hou Y, Tohme M, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS.
Pegylated Arg-Gly-Asp peptide: ⁶⁴Cu labeling and PET imaging of brain tumor αvβ3-integrin expression
J Nucl Med, 2004;45(10):1776-83.

Chen X, Liu S, Hou Y, Tohme M, Park R, Bading JR, Conti PS.
MicroPET imaging of breast cancer av-integrin expression with ⁶⁴Cu-labeled dimeric RGD peptides
Mol Imaging Biol, 2004;6(5):350-9.

Chen X, Park R, Hou Y, Tohme M, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS
microPET and autoradiographic imaging of GRP receptor expression with ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-[Lys³]bombesin in human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts
J Nucl Med, 2004;45(8):1390-7. (Cover feature)

Chen X, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Tohme M, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS.
MicroPET imaging of brain tumor angiogenesis with ¹⁸F-labeled PEGylated RGD peptide
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2004;31(8):1081-9.

Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS
Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of ¹²⁵I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation
Nucl Med Biol, 2004;31(1):11-9.

Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Tohme M, Khankaldyyan V, Bozorgzadeh MH, Bading JR, Moats R, Laug WE, Conti PS
¹⁸F-labeled RGD peptide: initial evaluation for imaging brain tumor angiogenesis
Nucl Med Biol, 2004;31(2):179-89.

Chen X, Park R, Tohme M, Bading JR, Conti PS
MicroPET and autoradiographic imaging of breast cancer av-integrin expression using ¹⁸F- and ⁶⁴Cu-labeled RGD peptide
Bioconjug Chem, 2004;15(1):41-9.

Chen X, Tohme M, Park R, Hou Y, Bading JR, Conti PS.
MicroPET imaging of a_vβ₃ integrin expression with ¹⁸F-labeled dimeric RGD peptide
Mol Imaging, 2004;3(2):96-104.

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Last Updated On 10/13/2011