PET Radiochemistry Group

Dr. Chen received his B.S. in 1993 and M.S. in 1996 from Nanjing University, China. He then moved to the states and obtained his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Idaho in 1999 under the supervision of Professor Chien M. Wai. After two quick postdoctoral programs at Syracuse University (under the mentorship of Dr. Jon Zubieta) and Washington University in St. Louis (supervised by Professor Michael J. Welch), Dr. Chen joined the University of Southern California as an Assistant Professor of Radiology. He then moved to Stanford University in 2004 to help build the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) under the directorship of Professor Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2008. In the summer of 2009, he joined the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as a tenured Senior Investigator. Dr. Chen also holds a joint appointment with the NIH Clinical Center.

Liu S, Liu Z, Chen K, Yan Y, Watzlowik P, Wester H-J, Chin FT, Chen X. ¹⁸F-labeled galacto and PEGylated RGD dimers for PET imaging of αvβ3 integrin expression. Mol Imaging Biol, in press.

Gao J, Chen K, Xie R, Xie J, Lee S, Gambhir SS, Peng X, Chen X. Ultrasmall near-infrared non-cadmium quantum dots for in vivo tumor imaging. Small, in press.

Lee S, Xie J, Chen X. Peptide probes for molecular imaging. Biochemistry, in press.

Gao J, Chen K, Xie R, Xie J, Yan Y, Peng X, Chen X. In vivo tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging using near-infrared non-cadmium quantum dots. Bioconj Chem, in press.

Liu Z, Liu S, Niu G, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X. Optical imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression with near-infrared fluorescent RGD dimer with tetra(ethylene glycol) linkers. Mol Imaging, in press.

Niu G, Chen X. The role of molecular imaging and drug delivery. Drug Delivery, in press.

Xie J, Wang J, Niu G, Huang J, Chen K, Li X, Gong H, Chen X. Human serum albumin coated iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient cell labeling. Chem Comm (Cambridge), in press.

Bu L, Li R, Jin Z, Wen X, Liu S, Yang B, Shen B, Chen X. Evaluation of ^99mTcN-MPO as a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent in normal dogs and acute myocardial infarction canine model: comparison with 99mTc-Sestamibi. Mol Imaging Biol, in press.

Alam MR, Min X, Dixit V, Fisher M, Chen X, Juliano RL. The pharmacological effect of antisense oligonucleotide depends on its route of endocytosis and trafficking. Oligonucleotides, in press.

Niu G, Sun X, Cao Q, Courter D, Koong A, Le Q-T, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Cetuximab-based immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy of head-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, in press.

Wang K, Wang K, Shen B, Huang T, Sun X, Li W, Jin G, Li L, Bu L, Li R, Wang D, Chen X. MR Reporter Gene Imaging of Endostatin Expression and Therapy. Mol Imaging Biol, in press.

Xie J, Chen K, Xu H, Behera D, Michalski M, Biswall S, Wang A, Chen X. Triblock coplymer coated iron oxide nanoparticle conjugate for tumor integrin targeting. Biomaterials, 2009;30:6912-9.

Ren C, Yan Z, Wei D, Gao X, Chen X, Zhao H. Limb remote postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats. Brain Res, 2009;1288:88-94.

Liu Z, Fan A, Sherlock, S, Goodwin A, Chen X, Yang Q, Felsher D, Dai H. Supramolecular stacking of carbon nanotubes provides efficient doxorubicin delivery enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Angew Chem Int Engl, 2009;48(41):7668-72.

Lee S, Ryu JH, Park K, Lee A, Lee S-Y, Youn I-C, Ahn C-H, Yoon SM, Myung S-J, Moon DH, Chen X, Choi K, Kwon IC, Kim K. Self-assembling polymeric activatable nanosensor for protease determination in vivo. Nano Lett, Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print]

Niu G, Hsu AR, Chen X. PET Imaging of Angiogenesis. PET Clinics, 2009;4(1):17-38.

Niu G, Chen X. Noninvasive Visualization of MicroRNA by Bioluminescence Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol, 2009;11(2):61-3.

Cai W, Guzman R, Hsu AR, Sun G, Wang H, Bliss T, He L, Chen K, Li Z-B, Maag A-L, Hori N, Zhao H, Moseley M, Steinberg GK, Chen X. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Expression after Experimental Stroke. Stroke, 2009;40(1):270-7.

Chen K, Cai W, Li Z-B, Wang H, Chen X. Quantitative PET imaging of VEGF receptor expression. Mol Imaging Biol, 2009;11(1):15-22.

Niu G, Chen X. From Protein-Protein Interaction to Therapy Response: Molecular Imaging of Heat Shock Proteins. Eur J Radiology, 2009;70:294-304.

Xie J, Huang J, Li X, Sun S, Chen X. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Platform for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem, 2009;16:1278-1294

Wang H, Cao F, De A, Cao YA, Contag CH, Gambhir SS, Wu JC, Chen X. Trafficking Mesenchymal Stem Cell Engraftment and Differentiation in Tumor-Bearing Mice by Bioluminescence Imaging. Stem Cells, 2009;27(7):1548-58.

Wang H, Chen K, Liu Z, Niu G, Cao Q, Chen X. Site-specifically biotinylated VEGF₁₂₁ for near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor angiogenesis. Mol Pharm, 2009;6(1):285-94.

Wang L, Shi J, Kim Y-S, Zhai S, Jia B, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor-targeting capability and pharmacokinetics of ^99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with PEG4 linkers. Mol Pharm, 2009;6(1):231-45.

Liu Z, Yan Y, Chin FT, Wang F, Chen X. Dual integrin and GRPR targeted tumor imaging using ¹⁸F-labeled PEGylated BBN-RGD heterodimer ¹⁸F-PEG3-Glu-RGD-BBN. J Med Chem, 2009;52(2):425-32.

Liu Z, Shi J, Niu G, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X. 68Ga-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 linkers: promising agents for tumor integrin αvβ3 PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009;36(6):947-57.

Cao F, Li Z, Chen K, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X*, Wu JC*. PET imaging of angiogenesis formation in teratoma from human ebryonic stem cells. Cancer Res, 2009;69(7):2709-13.

Tobinick EL, Chen K, Chen X. Rapid intracerebroventricular delivery of Cu-DOTA-etanercept after peripheral administration demonstrated by PET imaging. BMC Res Notes, 2009;2:28.

Li ZB, Chen K, Wu Z, Wang H, Niu G, Chen X. ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Polyethylenimine (PEI) for Cell Trafficking and Tumor Imaging by microPET. Mol Imaging Biol, 2009 May 9. [Epub ahead of print]

Xie J, Chen K, Chen X. Production, Modification and Bio-applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles Gestated by Magnetotactic Bacteria. Nano Res, 2009;2:261-78.

Lee SK, Chen X. Dual-Modality Probes for In Vivo Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging, 2009;8(2):87-100. [cover feature]

Chen K, Xie J, Chen X. RGD-Human Serum Albumin Conjugates as Efficient Targeting Probes for Tumor Targeting. Mol Imaging, 2009;8(2):65-73.

Liu Z, Liu S, Wang F, Liu S, Chen X. Non-invasive imaging of tumor integrin expression using ¹⁸F-labeled RGD dimer peptide with PEG4 linkers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009;36(8):1296-307.

Liu Z, Niu G, Wang F, Chen X. 68Ga-labeled NOTA-RGD-BBN peptide for dual integrin and GRPR targeted tumor imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009;36(9):1483-94.

Liu Z, Li Z-B, Cao Q, Liu S, Wang F, Chen X. Small Animal PET of Tumors with 64Cu-Labeled RGD-Bombesin Heterodimer. J Nucl Med, 2009;50(7):1168-1177.

Wang H, Chen X. Applications for site-directed molecular imaging agents coupled with drug delivery potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2009;6(7):745-68.

Liu Z, Yan Y, Liu S, Wang F, Chen X. ¹⁸F, ⁶⁴Cu, and ⁶⁸Ga labeled RGD-bombesin heterodimeric peptides for PET imaging of breast cancer. Bioconjug Chem, 2009;20(5):1016–1025.

Shi J, Kim Y-S, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Improving Tumor Uptake and Pharmacokinetics of ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 Linkers. Bioconjug Chem, 2009;20(4):750-9.

Niu G, Li Z, Xie J, Le Q-T, Chen X. PET Imaging Antibody Delivery in EGFR Positive Head-neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. J Nucl Med, 2009;50(7):1116-23.

Wang K, Wang K, Li W, Huang T, Li R, Wang D, Shen B, Chen X. Characterizing Breast Cancer Xenografts Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression by Using Near-infrared Optical Imaging. Acta Radiol, 2009; Jun 11:1-9.

Niu G, Li Z, Cao Q, Chen X. Monitoring therapeutic response of human ovarian cancer to 17-DMAG by noninvasive PET imaging with ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2009;36(9):1510-9.

Niu G, Cai W, Chen X. Quantification of HER2 Expression by Molecular Imaging. Front Biosci, 2008;13:790-805.

 

Wang H, Chen X. Site-specifically modified fusion protein for molecular imaging. Front Biosci, 2008;13:1716-1732.

 

Schipper ML, Iyer G, Koh AL, Cheng Z, Ebenstein Y, Aharoni A, Keren S, Bentolila LA, Li J, Rao J, Chen X, Banin U, Wu AM, Sinclair R, Weiss S, Gambhir SS. Particle Size, Surface Coating, and PEGylation Influence the Biodistribution of Quantum Dots in Living Mice. Small, 2008;5(1):126-34.

 

Kashefi A, Zhao H, Chen X. Molecular Imaging as the Main Part of Our Decision-Making and Treatment Strategies in Stroke. Front Biosci, 2008;13:1535-1556.

 

Cai W, Niu G, Chen X. Molecular Imaging of the HER-Kinase Axis in cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(1):186-208.

 

Willman JK, Paulmurugan R, Chen K, Gheysens O, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Lutz AM, Chen IY, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Ultrasonic Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis with Contrast Microbubbles Targeted to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Type 2 Receptor. Radiology, 2008;246:508-518.

 

Li Z-B, Wu Z, Cao Q, Tseng J, Gambhir SS, Chen X. The Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-sorbitol (¹⁸F-FDS) and Its Potential Application in Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10:92-98.

 

Cai W, Chen X. Preparation of peptide conjugated quantum dots for targeted cancer imaging. Nat Protocol 2008;3:89-96.

 

Chin FT, Namavari M, Levi J, Subbarayan M, Ray P, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Semi-automated Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of [¹⁸F]FEAU: A Novel PET Imaging Agent for HSV1-tk/sr39tk Reporter Gene Expression. Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10:82-91.

 

Niu G, Cai W, Chen K, Chen X. Non-invasive PET imaging of EGFR degradation induced by heat shock protein 90 inhibitor. Mol Imaging Biol, 2008;10:99-106.

 

Liu Z, Davis C, Cai W, He L, Chen X, Dai H. Circulation and Long-Term Fate of Functionalized, Biocompatible Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice Probed by Raman Spectroscopy. PNAS, 2008;105:1410-1415.

 

Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, Paulmurugan P, Rollins M, Cai W, Wang D, Chen IY, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Monitoring of Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Murine Hindlimb Ischemia using ⁶⁴Cu-labeled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Positron Emission Tomography. Circulation, 2008;117(7):915-22

 

Li Z-B, Chen K, Chen X. ⁶⁸Ga-labeled Multimeric RGD Peptides for microPET Imaging of αvβ3 Integrin Expression. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35:1100-1108. 

 

Rodriguez-Porcel M, Cai W, Gheysens O, Chen I, Chen K, He L, Willman J, Wu JC, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Imaging of VEGF Receptor in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model using Positron Emission Tomography. J Nucl Med, 2008;49(4):667-673.

 

Cai W, Chen X. Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis. J Nucl Med, 2008;49(Suppl 2):113S-128S.

 

Li Z-B, Niu G, Wang H, He L, Ploug M, Chen X. microPET Imaging of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression Using a ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Linear Peptide Antagonist. Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14:4758-4766.

 

Li Z-B, Wu Z, Chen K, Ryu E-K, Chen X. ¹⁸F-Labeled BBN-RGD Heterodimer for Prostate Cancer Imaging. J Nucl Med, 2008;49(3):453-461. 

 

Wang H, Chen K, Cai W, Li Z, He L, Kashefi A, Chen X. Integrin Targeted Imaging and Therapy with RGD4C-TNF Fusion Protein. Mol Cancer Ther, 2008;7(5):1044-53.

 

Lee H-Y, Lee, S-H, Xu C, Xie J, Lee J-H, Wu B, Koh AL, Wang X, Wang SX, Nishimura DG, Biswal S, Sun S, Cho SH, Chen X. Synthesis and Characterization of PVP-Coated Large Core Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agent. Nanotechnology, 2008;19: 165101 (6pp)

 

Cao Q, Li Z-B, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Neamati N, Chen X. Evaluation of Biodistribution and Anti-tumor Effect of a Dimeric RGD Peptide-paclitaxel Conjugate in Mice with Breast Cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(8):1489-1498.

 

Alam MR, Dixiti V, Kang H, Li Z-B, Chen X, Juliano R. Intracellular Delivery of an Anionic Antisense Oligonucleotide via Receptor Mediated Endocytosis. Nucl Acid Res, 2008;36(8):2764-76.

 

Ryu EK, Wu Z, Chen K, Lazarus LH, Markzak E, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Salvadori S, Ren C, Zhao H, Balboni G, Chen X. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Potent and Selective ¹⁸F-Labeled δ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem, 2008;51(6):1817-23.

 

Veervagu A, Hou LC, Hsu AR, Cai W, Greve JM, Hoang S, Chen X, and Tse V. Characterization of Angiogenesis in GL26 Murine-Derived Glioblastoma Multiforme. Neurol Res. 2008;30(9):952-9.

 

Kim Y-S, Yang C-T, Wang J, Wang L, Li Z-B, Chen X, Liu S. Effects of Targeting Moiety, Linker, Bifunctional Chelator and Molecular Charge on Biological Properties of ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Triphenylphosphonium Cations. J Med Chem, 2008;51(10):2971-84.

 

Lee H-Y, Li Z-B, Chen K, Hsu AR, Xu C, Xie J, Sun S, Chen X. PET/MRI Dual Modality Tumor Imaging Using Conjugated Radiolabeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. J Nucl Med, 2008;49:1371-1379. [best basic science papers for 2008]

 

Cao Q, Cai W, Niu G, He L, Chen X. Multimodality Imaging of IL-18bp-Fc Therapy of Experimental Lung Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14(19):6137-6145.

 

Huang M, Chan D, Jia F, Xie X, Li Z, Hoyt G, Robbins RC, Chen X, Giaccia A, Wu JC. Molecular Imaging of RNA Interference Therapy Targeting Prolyl Hydroxylase-2 for Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia. Circulation, 2008;118:S226-S233.

 

Hsu AR, Chen X. Advances in anatomical, functional and molecular imaging of angiogenesis. J Nucl Med, 2008;49(4):511-514.

 

Xie R, Chen K, Chen X, Peng X. InAs/InP/ZnSe Core/Shell/Shell Quantum Dots as Near-Infrared Emitters: Bright, Narrow-Band, Non-Cadmium, and Biocompatible. Nano Research, 2008;1:457-464.

 

Shi J, Kim Y-S, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Improving Tumor Uptake and Pharmacokinetics of ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Dimers with Gly3 and PEG4 Linkers. Bioconjug Chem, 2008;51(24):7980-90.

 

Shi J, Jia B, Liu Z, Yang Z, Yu Z, Chen K, Chen X, Liu S, Wang F. ^99mTc-Labeled Bombesin(7-14)NH2 with Favorable Properties for SPECT Imaging of Colon Cancer. Bioconj Chem, 2008;19(6):1170-8.

 

Xie J, Chen K, Lee H-Y, Xu C, Hsu AR, Peng S, Chen X, Sun S. Ultra-Small c(RGDyK)-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Specific Targeting to Integrin αvβ3-rich Tumor Cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2008;130:7542-3. [received significant news media coverage]

 

Cai W, Chen X. Imaging of Integrins as Biomarkers for Tumor Angiogenesis. Curr Pharm Des, 2008;14(28):2943-2973.

 

Chen K, Li Z-B, Wang H, Cai W, Chen X. Modification of Quantum Dot for Dual Modality Imaging of Tumor Vascular VEGFR. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008;35(12):2235-44.

 

Liu Z, Chen K, Davis C, Sherlock S, Cao Q, Chen X, Dai H. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment. Cancer Res, 2008;68:6552-6560. [Cover Feature]

 

de la Zerda A, Zavaleta C, Keren S, Vaithilingam S, Bodapati S, Liu Z, Levi J, Ma T-J, Oralkan O, Cheng Z, Chen X, Dai H, Khuri-Yakub BP, Gambhir SS. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging in Living Mice Utilizing Targeted Carbon Nanotubes. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008;3(9):557-62. [received significant news media coverage]

 

Zavaleta C, Keren S, Cheng Z, Schipper M, Liu Z, Chen X, Dai H, Gambhir SS. Non-invasive Raman Spectroscopy in Living Mice for Evaluation of Tumor Targeting with Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett, 2008;8(9):2800-2805.

 

Wang H, Chen X. Imaging Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration and the Implications for Stem Cell – Based Cancer Therapies. Future Oncol, 2008;4(5):623-628.

 

Niu G, Chen X. Has Molecular and Cellular Imaging Enhanced Drug Discovery? Drugs R D, 2008;9(6):351-68.

 

Yang C-T, Kim Y-S, Wang J, Wang L, Shi J, Li Z-B, Chen X, Fan M, Li J-J, Liu S. ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled 2-(Diphenylphosphoryl)ethylphenylphosphonium Cations as Highly Selective Tumor Imaging Agents: Effects of Linkers and ⁶⁴Cu Chelates on Biodistribution Characteristics. Bioconj Chem, 2008;19(10):2008-22.

 

Veeravagu A, Liu Z, Kai Chen, Gang Niu, Weibo Cai, Connolly AJ, Hsu AR, Tse V, Wang F, Chen X. Integrin-αvβ3 Targeted Radioimmunotherapy of Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res, 2008;14(22):7330-9.

 

Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of tumor vasculature. Methods Enzymol. 2008;445:141-76.

 

Shi J, Wang L, Kim Y-S, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of ^99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimers with tri-glycine linkers. J Med Chem, 2008;51(24):7980-90.

 

Ren C, Gao X, Niu G, Yan Z, Chen X, Zhao H. From rapid to delayed postconditioning, a new avenue to protect against brain injury and the deteriorating effect of t-PA after stroke. PloS ONE, 2008;3(12):e3851.

 

Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X. Integrin αvβ3 Targeted Cancer Therapy. Drug Dev Res, 2008;69:329-339.

Veeravagu A, Hsu AR, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VCK, Chen X. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) Inhibitors as Anti-Angiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. 2007;2(1):59-71.

Hsu AR, Veeravagu A, Cai W, Hou LC, Tse VCK, Chen X. Integrin α_vβ₃ antagonists for anti-angiogenic cancer treatment. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. 2007;2:143-160.

 

Liu Z, Cai W, He L, Nakayama N, Sun X, Chen X, Dai H*. In Vivo Biodistribution and Highly Efficient Tumor Targeting of Carbon Nanotubes in Mice. Nat Nanotechnol. 2007;2(1):47-52 [Highlighted by Science News].

 

Li Z, Cai W, Chen X. Semiconductor quantum dots for in vivo imaging. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2007;7:2567-2581.

 

Cai W, Chen K, He L, Cao Q, Chen X. Quantitative Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of EGFR Expression in Xenograft-Bearing Mice using ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Cetuximab, a Chimeric Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007;34:850-858.

 

Niu G, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X. In Vivo Bioluminescence Tumor Imaging of RGD Peptide-Modified Adenoviral Vector Encoding Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene. Mol Imaging Biol. 2007;9:126-134.

 

Hsu AR, Cai W, Veeravagu A, Chen K, Mohamedali KA, Vogel H, Hou LC, Tse V, Rosenblum MG, Chen X. Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Glioblastoma Growth Inhibition Using Vascular-Targeting Fusion Toxin VEGF₁₂₁/rGel. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(3):445-454.

 

Wu Z, Li Z-B, Cai W, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X. ¹⁸F-labeled mini-PEG spacered RGD dimer (¹⁸F-FPRGD2): synthesis and microPET imaging of α_vβ₃ integrin expression. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34(11):1823-1831.

 

Li Z-B, Cai W, Cao Q, Chen K, Wu Z, He L, Chen X. ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Tetrameric and Octameric RGD Peptides for MicroPET Imaging of Tumor α_vβ₃ Integrin Expression. J Nucl Med, 2007;48(7):1162-1171.

 

Liu S, Hsieh W-Y, Jiang Y, Kim Y-S, Sreerama SG, Chen X, Jia B, Wang F. Evaluation of a ^99mTc-Labeled Cyclic RGD Tetramer for Noninvasive Imaging Integrin αvβ3-Positive Breast Cancer. Bioconjug Chem. 2007;18:438-446. 

 

Cao Q, Cai W, Li Z-B, Chen K, He L, Li H-C, Hui M, Chen X. PET of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Living Mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2007;34(11):1832-42.

 

Cai W, Chen X. Multimodality imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression. Front Biosci. 2007;12:4267-4279.

 

Cai W, Hsu AR, Li Z-B, Chen X. Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects? Nanoscale Research Letters (NRL), 2007;2:265-281.

 

Hwang T, Han HD, Song CK, Seong H, Kim JH, Chen X, Shin BC. Anticancer drug-phospholipid conjugate for enhancement of intracellular drug delivery. Macromol Symp 2007;249-250:109-115.

 

Cheng Z, Zhang L, Graves E, Xiong Z, Dandekar M, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Small-Animal PET of Melanocortin 1 Receptor Expression Using a ¹⁸F-Labeled {alpha}-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Analog. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:987-994.

 

Cai W, Ebrahimnejad A, Chen K, Cao Q, Li Z-B, Tice DA, Chen X. Quantitative RadioimmunoPET Imaging of EphA2 in Living Mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34(12):2024-2036.

 

Wu Z, Li Z-B, Cai W, He L, Chin FT, Li F, Chen X. microPET Imaging of Tumor α_vβ₃ Integrin Expression Using ¹⁸F-labeled PEGylated Tetrameric RGD Peptide (¹⁸F-FPRGD4). J Nucl Med, 2007;48:1536-44.

 

Schipper ML, Cheng Z, Lee SW, Keren S, Bentolila LA, Sundaresan G, Iyer G, Gheysens O, Ebenstein Y, Li J, Rao J, Chen X, Wu AM, Weiss S, Gambhir SS. MicroPET-Based Biodistribution of Quantum Dots in Living Mice. J Nucl Med, 2007;48:1511-8.

 

Wang H, Cai W, Chen K, Li Z-B, He L, Chen X. A new PET tracer specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2007;34(12):2001-2010.

 

Iagaru A, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Molecular Imaging Can Accelerate Anti-Angiogenic Drug Development and Testing. Nat Clin Pract Oncol, 2007;4:556-7.

 

Yang C-T, Wang J, Kim Y-S, Sreerama SG, Cao Q, Li Z-B, He Z, Chen X, Liu S. ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Triphenylphosphonium and Triphenylarsonium Cations as Highly Tumor-Selective PET Imaging Agents. J Med Chem 2007;50:5057-69.

 

Cai W, Chen K, Li Z-B, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Dual-function probe for PET and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor vasculature. J Nucl Med 2007;48:1862-70.

 

Cai W, Chen X. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Molecular Imaging in Living Subjects. Small 2007;3:1840-54.

 

Li ZB, Wu Z, Chen K, Chin FT, Chen X. Click Chemistry for ¹⁸F-Labeling of RGD Peptides and microPET Imaging of Tumor Integrin alphavbeta3 Expression. Bioconjug Chem 2007;18(6):1987-1994. 

 

Chen X. Multimodality Imaging of Tumor Integrin Expression. Mini-Reviews in Med Chem.2006;6:227-234.

 

Chen X, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Tohme M, Moats R, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS. Longitudinal MicroPET Imaging of Brain Tumor Growth with ¹⁸F-Labeled RGD Peptide. Mol Imaging Biol.2006;8:9-15.

 

Zhang X, Xiong Z, Wu Y, Tseng JR, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Quantitative PET Imaging of Tumor Integrin α_vβ₃ Expression with [¹⁸F]FRGD2. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:113-121.

 

Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Patel M, Wu JC, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Imaging chemically modified adenovirus for targeting tumor expressing integrin α_vβ₃ in living mice with positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:130-139 (Cover feature)

 

Yang Y-S, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Chen X. MicroPET imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression with ⁶⁴Cu-labeled bombesin analogs in a mouse model of human prostate adenocarcinoma. Nucl Med Biol. 2006;33:371-380.

 

Zhang X, Cai W, Cao F, Schreibmann E, Wu Y, Wu JC, Xing L, Chen X. ¹⁸F-labeled bombesin analogs for targeting GRP receptor-expressing prostate cancer. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:492-501.

 

Cai W, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen X. A thiol-reactive ¹⁸F-labeling agent, N-[2-(4-¹⁸F-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide, and synthesis of RGD peptide-based tracer for PET imaging of α_vβ₃ integrin expression. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(7):1172-1180.

 

Cao F, Lin S, Krishnan M, Ray P, Patel M, Drukker M, Dylla SJ, Connolly AJ, Chen X, Weissman I, Gambhir SS, Wu JC. In Vivo Visualization of Embryonic Stem Cell Survival, Proliferation, Migration, and

Ablation after Cardiac Delivery. Circulation. 2006;113(7):1005-14.

 

Wu Y, W Cai, Chen X. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Tumor Integrin α_vβ₃ Expression with Cy7-Labeled RGD Multimers. Mol Imaging Biol. 2006;8(4):226-36.

 

Cai W, Shin D-W, Wu Y, Cao Q, Gheysens O, Gambhir SS, Wang SX, Chen X. Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects. Nano Lett. 2006;6:669-676. [The highest cited paper in the research area of "imaging tumor vasculature".]

 

Cheng Z, Levi J, Xiong Z, Gheysens O, Keren S, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Deoxyglucose Analogue for Tumor Optical Imaging in Cell Culture and Living Mice.Bioconjugate Chem. 2006;17:662-669.

 

Cai W, Chen X. Anti-Angiogenic Cancer Therapy Based on Integrin Antagonism. Current Med Chem-Anti-Cancer Agents (CMC-ACA). 2006;6:407-428.

 

Dayam R, Aiello F, Wu Y, Garofalo A, Chen X, Neamati N. Discovery of Small Molecule Integrin αvβ3 Receptor Antagonists as Novel Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem. 2006;49(15):4526-34.

 

Cai  W, Wu Y, Chen K, Tice DA,  Chen X. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of ⁶⁴Cu-Labeleled AbegrinÔ, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against Integrin α_vβ₃. Cancer Res. 2006;66(19):9673-81W, Wu Y, Chen K, Tice DA, Chen X, a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against Integrin α_vβ₃. Cancer Res. 2006;66(19):9673-81.

 

Hsu AR, Hou LC, Veeravagu A, Greve JM, Vogel H, Tse VCK, Chen X. In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Integrin α_vβ₃ in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Model. Mol Imaging Biol. 2006;8(6):315-23.

 

Chen X, Gambhir SS. Significance of one-bead-one-compound combinational chemistry. Nat Chem Biol. 2006;2(7):351-352.

 

Cai W, Chen K, Mohamedali KA, Cao Q, Gambhir SS, Rosenblum MG, Chen X. ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled VEGF₁₂₁ for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of VEGFR Expression. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(12):2048-56.

 

Cai W, Rao J, Gambhir SS, Chen X. How molecular imaging is speeding up antiangiogenic drug development. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006;5(11): 2624-33.

 

Cao Q, Cai W, Li T, Yang Y, Chen K, Xing L, Chen X. Combined Integrin siRNA Therapy and Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 351(3):726-32.

Kang KW, Min J-J, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Comparison of [¹⁴C]FMAU, [³H]FEAU, [¹⁴C]FIAU, and [³H]PCV for Monitoring Reporter Gene Expression of Wild Type and Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase in Cell Culture. Mol Imaging Biol. 2005;7:296-303.

 

Wu Y, Zhang X, Xiong Z, Cheng Z, Fisher Dr, Liu S, Gambhir SS, Chen X. MicroPET Imaging of Glioma alpha(v)-Integrin Expression Using ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Tetrameric RGD Peptide. J Nucl Med.2005;46:1707-1718.

 

Cheng Z, Wu Y, Xiong Z, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Near-Infrared Fluorescent RGD Peptides for Optical Imaging of Integrin α_vβ₃ Expression in Living Mice. Bioconj Chem. 2005;16:1433-1441.

 

Cai W, Gambhir SS, Chen X. Multimodality Tumor Imaging Targeting Integrin α_vβ₃ Biotechniques. 2005;39:S6-S17.

 

Chen X, Sievers E, Hou Y, Park R, Tohme M, Bart R, Bremner R, Bading JR, Conti PS. Integrin a_vb₃ Targeted Imaging of Lung Cancer. Neoplasia 2005;7:271-279.

 

Chen X, Plasencia C, Hou Y, Neamati N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dimeric RGD Peptide-Paclitaxel Conjugate as Model for Integrin Targeted Drug Delivery. J Med Chem 2005;48:1098-106.

Chen X, Park R, Tohme M, Bading JR, Conti PS. ¹⁸F and ⁶⁴Cu-labeled RGD peptide for imaging breast cancer in mice with microPET. Bioconjugate Chem 2004;15:41-49.

 

Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. ¹⁸F-Labeled RGD Peptide: Initial Evaluation for Imaging Brain Tumor Angiogenesis. Nucl Med Biol 2004;31:179-189.

 

Chen X, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Tohme M, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS. MicroPET Imaging of Brain Tumor Angiogenesis with ¹⁸F-Labeled PEGylated RGD Peptide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:1081-1089.

 

Chen X, Park R, Hou Y, Tohme M, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. MicroPET and Autoradiographic Imaging of GRP Receptor Expression with ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-[Lys³]bombesin in Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2004;45:1390-1397 (Cover feature)

 

Chen X, Hou Y, Tohme M, Park R, Khankaldyyan V, Gonzales-Gomez I, Bading JR, Laug WE, Conti PS. PEGylated RGD Peptide: ⁶⁴Cu-Labeling and PET Imaging of Brain Tumor Angiogenesis. J Nucl Med 2004;45:1776-1783.

 

Chen X, Liu S, Hou Y, Tohme M, Park R, Bading JR, Conti PS. MicroPET Imaging of Breast Cancer α_v-Integrin Expression with ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Dimeric RGD Peptides. Mol Imaging Biol 2004;6:350-359.

 

Chen X, Tohme M, Park R, Hou Y, Bading JR, Conti PS. MicroPET Imaging of α_vβ₃ Integrin Expression with ¹⁸F-Labeled Dimeric RGD Peptide. Mol Imaging 2004;3:96-104.

 

Chen X, Conti PS, Moats RA. In Vivoa_vb₃ in Brain Tumor Xenografts. Cancer Res 2004;64:8009-8014. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Integrin